For citations:

Crispín-Castrejón V.A. HYBRID EDUCATIONAL ECOSYSTEMS IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION: A SYSTEMIC AND ETHICAL APPROACH TO AI DISRUPTION. Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University. 2026;81(2):117-130. https://doi.org/10.47649/vau.26.v81.i2.09