FOREIGN RAILWAY CARGO TRANSPORTATION: ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM AND FEATURES

Rail transport is an essential component of the global transport system and plays a special role in cargo transportation. In foreign practice, the effectiveness of railway freight transportation is based on high-tech solutions and digitized logistics processes. In this study, the main features of the organization of rail freight services across different countries are considered, in particular, the experience of leading transport powers such as the United States, the EU countries, China, and Azerbaijan is analyzed. In these countries, special attention is paid to factors such as the management of railway infrastructure, the coordination of cargo flows, tariff policy, and the integration of multimodal transportation. In addition, the roles of cargo transportation planning, real-time monitoring systems, and automated control tools are revealed through digital platforms. Studying these features will enable the development of practical proposals to improve the railway freight transportation system in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of rail freight transportation systems in foreign countries and to analyze the possibilities of adapting their effective practices to the railway industry in Kazakhstan. Based on an analysis of foreign experience, the need to develop proposals to improve rail freight transportation in Kazakhstan has been identified. The introduction of digital logistics and automated management systems will increase the competitiveness of the national transport industry. The results of the study can serve as the basis for improving the efficiency of the transportation process by adapting foreign experience to the national transport industry.

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