THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE FARMING IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN KAZAKHSTAN

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cooperative forms of farming in livestock production in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis is based on official statistical data for 2022–2024, as well as a review of contemporary scientific literature and regulatory documents. The methodological framework includes statistical– economic analysis, comparative assessment, and the examination of qualitative factors influencing cooperative development. The results demonstrate that, despite a slight increase in the number of agricultural cooperatives and their output in recent years, the overall level of cooperation in Kazakhstan remains extremely low — only about 2% of farms participate in cooperatives. The contribution of cooperatives to total livestock production is also limited, accounting for approximately 1–2% of national output. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current state and efficiency of agricultural cooperation in the livestock sector of Kazakhstan, identify key barriers to its development, and substantiate the role of digital technologies in increasing the productivity of cooperative farming models to develop recommendations for improving government support measures. The study identifies key barriers to cooperative development, including low trust among farmers, insufficient awareness of cooperation principles, weak managerial capacity, and high dependence of agribusiness on state subsidies. At the same time, the findings highlight the organisational and economic advantages of cooperation — shared use of resources, reduced production costs, and expanded market access — as well as the growing potential of digital technologies such as electronic microcredit platforms, land-monitoring systems, and online marketplaces. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen cooperation in livestock production in Kazakhstan, including improving the effectiveness of state support, providing farmers with training and advisory services, developing rural digital infrastructure, and encouraging cooperatives to adopt innovative and sustainable practices.

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