CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: INSTITUTIONAL AND NORMATIVE GAPS AND THE LEGAL MECHANISM OF PREVENTION (4D-MODEL)

Conflict of interest in the civil service threatens both the effectiveness of public administration and public trust in state institutions. In Kazakhstan, where institutional reforms are being implemented, this issue is viewed as a strategic challenge. While conflict of interest is a precursor to corruption, it simultaneously creates “grey zones” in the functioning of public authorities. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of conflict-of-interest management in Kazakhstan, analyze international experiences, and propose effective prevention methods. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of UN, OECD, and TI practices, 29 expert interviews, and a sociological survey of 10,255 civil servants. Regression and correlation analysis were applied to process the empirical data. The results demonstrate that the risk of conflict of interest increases due to weak institutional mechanisms, conceptual ambiguities, and insufficient training programs. Updating definitions, improving declaration practices, and strengthening institutional accountability are embedded within the systemic “4-D approach” (Definition, Drilling, Declaration, Due diligence). The findings confirm the need to shift from a purely formal-normative approach to a values-based approach. This transition will enhance the resilience of institutions and the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy in Kazakhstan.

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