LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL PENSION FUNDS: INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND NATIONAL PECULIARITIES

The study analyses pension provision systems for citizens of the CIS integration association and the prospects for their legal regulation. The article aims to conduct a comparative legal analysis of pension provision mechanisms in the CIS countries, determine the role of international treaties of the Republic of Kazakhstan in protecting the rights of older persons, and substantiate the need to improve private pension insurance systems to ensure a decent standard of living amid demographic and economic challenges.

The research examines key regulatory documents governing pension provision for CIS citizens, including international bilateral treaties concluded by the Republic of Kazakhstan. Ensuring a guaranteed income in old age is identified as one of the core objectives of social security, reflecting the close interconnection between individual responsibility and social protection law. Achieving this objective requires reliable mechanisms that provide systematic protection for older people against social and economic vulnerability.

Some individuals independently create protective mechanisms through personal savings, including home ownership, while in other cases support is traditionally provided through family-based arrangements passed down across generations. However, even during working age, reliance on such mechanisms is often accompanied by persistent distrust in income security, particularly in developing countries. Informal economic structures and weak institutional linkages remain significant barriers, limiting the ability of most individuals to achieve financial self-sufficiency in old age. As a result, comprehensive social protection systems continue to play a decisive role in ensuring income security for older persons.

The application of a dialectical method of analysis and the study of foreign experience allow for a comprehensive understanding of pension systems and facilitate the identification of directions for the further development and improvement of non-state pension funds in Kazakhstan. Guaranteed income in old age is therefore a key factor in achieving the objectives of the global community within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals and contributes to fulfilling the fundamental obligation to ensure a decent standard of living for all members of society, including older persons.

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