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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.26.v81.i2.24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2873</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРАНСАКЦИОННЫЕ ИЗДЕРЖКИ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ АСИММЕТРИЯ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ АТОМНОМ НАДЗОРЕ: ЭКОНОМИКОИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TRANSACTION COSTS AND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY IN STATE ATOMIC SUPERVISION: ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN KAZAKHSTAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9421-8083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иманбаев</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imanbayev</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арман Иманбаев - докторант государственного управления, Институт управления,</p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arman Imanbayev - corresponding author, PhD student of public administration, Institute of management, </p><p>Astana,010000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">im.ar888999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-0394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есмагамбетов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yesmagambetov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даулет Есмагамбетов - доктор государственного управления, Институт управления,</p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daulet Yesmagambetov - doctor of public administration, Institute of Management, </p><p>Astana,010000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dyes.eco@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-828X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тей</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tei</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алессио Тей - доктор в области транспорта, логистики и развития территорий, ассоциированный профессор, кафедра экономики,</p><p>Генуя</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alessio Tei - PhD in Transport, Logistics and Territory, Associate Professor, Department of Economics,</p><p>Genoa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alessio.tei@unige.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-4964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жангирова</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhangirova</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жангирова Римма – кандидат экономических наук, ассоциированный профессор кафедры «Менеджмент и организации агробизнеса им. Х.Д. Чурина», </p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhangirova Rimma - Candidate of Economic Sciences, аssociate professor of the Department of Management and Organization of Agribusiness named after Kh.D. Churin,</p><p>Almaty, 050010 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jan_rimma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия государственного управления при Президенте Республики Казахстан</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of public administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Университет Генуя</institution><country>Italy</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh National Agrarian Research University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>308</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иманбаев А., Есмагамбетов Д., Тей А., Жангирова Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иманбаев А., Есмагамбетов Д., Тей А., Жангирова Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Imanbayev A., Yesmagambetov D., Tei A., Zhangirova R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2873">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2873</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются экономические, регуляторные и организационные основы государственного контроля и надзора в Казахстане. Проанализирована эволюция институциональной архитектуры вновь созданного органа-регулятора. Цель исследования - комплексно оценить экономические, институциональные и нормативно-правовые основы государственного контроля и надзора в атомной энергетике Казахстана, проанализировать эффективность деятельности регулирующего органа и транзакционные издержки подконтрольных субъектов, а также разработать предложения по совершенствованию риск-ориентированного регулирования, повышению независимости и ресурсной обеспеченности регулятора и снижению издержек соблюдения требований. Особое внимание уделено формам реализации государственного надзора и контроля в области использования атомной энергии на основе массива статистики проверок и эмпирических данных ядерных объектов, в том числе и оператора рынка. Оценена трансакционная нагрузка национального оператора. Исследователь осуществил сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ количественных параметров (штатной численности и бюджетов на содержание контроля) регуляторов Республики Казахстан и зарубежных стран. Показано влияние требований МАГАТЭ на развитие национальной нормативной базы и институциональной модели регулирования. Научная новизна исследования заключается в комплексной оценке государственного контроля не как сугубо юридической функции, а как экономического института. Вклад автора состоит в количественном и качественном обосновании связи, на основе сопоставления с международной практикой, между комплаенс-издержками поднадзорных субъектов и внедрением риск-ориентированного подхода. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию экономической эффективности, управленческих механизмов и правовой базы: устранение информационной асимметрии и минимизации риска оппортунистического поведения, укрепление независимости и ресурсного обеспечения регулятора, развитие риск-ориентированного и профилактического подхода, цифровизация надзорной деятельности, усиление транспарентности и общественного участия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the economic, regulatory and organizational foundations of state control and supervision in Kazakhstan. This study analyzes the evolution of the institutional architecture within the newly established regulatory agency. The aim of the study is to comprehensively assess the economic, institutional, and regulatory foundations of state control and supervision in Kazakhstan’s atomic energy sector, analyze the effectiveness of the regulatory authority and the transaction costs incurred by supervised entities, and develop proposals for improving risk-based regulation, strengthening regulatory independence and resource capacity, and reducing compliance costs. Particular attention is given to the implementation mechanisms of state supervision and control in the atomic energy sector, drawing upon an array of inspection statistics and empirical data from nuclear facilities, including the market operator. The study also assesses the transaction cost burden of the national operator. A comparative and contrastive analysis on the quantitative parameters (staffing levels and oversight maintenance budgets) of regulatory authorities in the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries was conducted. The impact of IAEA requirements on the development of the national regulatory framework and the institutional regulatory model has been demonstrated. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive assessment of state supervision, positioning it not merely as a strictly legal function, but rather as an economic institution. The author’s primary contribution consists in providing quantitative and qualitative justification of the causality, utilizing comparative international benchmarking, between risk-based regulatory enforcement and the compliance cost trajectories of entities under supervision. Based on the conducted analysis, proposals are formulated to improve the economic efficiency, governance mechanisms and regulatory framework, including the elimination of information asymmetry and the minimization of the risk of opportunistic behavior, strengthening the independence and resource capacity of the regulator, developing a risk-based and preventive approach, digitalizing supervisory activities, and enhancing transparency and public participation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственный контроль</kwd><kwd>институциональная экономика</kwd><kwd>трансакционные издержки</kwd><kwd>атомная отрасль</kwd><kwd>экономическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>информационная асимметрия</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая стабильность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>state control</kwd><kwd>institutional economics</kwd><kwd>transaction costs</kwd><kwd>nuclear industry</kwd><kwd>economic efficiency</kwd><kwd>information asymmetry</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic stability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coase R.H. 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