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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.26.v81.i2.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАЗВИТИЕ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ: ОПЫТ КАЗАХСТАНА И УЗБЕКИСТАНА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SME DEVELOPMENT IN POST-SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA: THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-9936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кенжетаева</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kenzhetayeva</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айнур Кенжетаева – доктор философии по политическим наукам (PhD), профессор-ассистент социальных наук,</p><p>г. Блуфилд, штат Западная Вирджиния</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ainur Kenzhetayeva – PhD in Political Science, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Department of Social Science,</p><p>Bluefield, West Virginia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akenzhetayeva@bluefieldstate.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Блуфилд</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bluefield State University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>263</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кенжетаева А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кенжетаева А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kenzhetayeva A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2869">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2869</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается развитие малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) в постсоветской Центральной Азии, с акцентом на Казахстан и Узбекистан. В отличие от распространённого представления, продвигаемого международными организациями и определяющего налоги, коррупцию и бюрократическую неэффективность как основные барьеры для МСП, данное исследование выявляет иной круг глубинных проблем. Цель исследования - выявить и проанализировать ключевые операционные, институциональные и контекстуальные факторы, определяющие развитие малого и среднего предпринимательства в постсоветской Центральной Азии, на примере Казахстана и Узбекистана, с учетом особенностей локальной бизнес-среды и повседневных условий функционирования предприятий. На основе углублённых интервью и контент-анализа СМИ в работе определяются ключевые операционные барьеры, которые до сих пор остаются во многом недоисследуемыми. Полученные результаты показывают, что помимо институциональных и нормативных ограничений, повседневные операционные реалии существенно влияют на развитие МСП в регионе. Анализ основан на институциональной теории и теории контекстуальной зависимости, которые в совокупности объясняют, как формальные институты, исторические наследия и локальные контекстуальные факторы формируют условия функционирования МСП в различных средах. Представленные качественные данные из Казахстана и Узбекистана позволяют глубже понять структурные и контекстуальные факторы, определяющие развитие МСП в постсоветских экономиках. Полученные выводы расширяют научные представления о предпринимательстве в странах с переходной экономикой и могут быть использованы при разработке государственной политики поддержки МСП, учитывающей региональную специфику, реальные операционные потребности бизнеса и особенности институциональной среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in post-Soviet Central Asia, focusing on Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Contrary to the dominant interpretation promoted by international organizations, which emphasizes taxes, corruption, and bureaucratic inefficiencies as the main barriers to SMEs, this study uncovers a different set of underlying challenges. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the key operational, institutional, and contextual factors shaping the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in post-Soviet Central Asia, with a focus on Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, taking into account the specific characteristics of the local business environment and the everyday operating conditions of enterprises. Drawing on in-depth interviews and media content analysis, the research identifies key operational barriers that remain largely overlooked. These findings reveal that, beyond institutional and regulatory constraints, everyday operational realities significantly shape SME development in the region. The analysis is based on the Institutional Theory and Contextual Dependence Theory, which together explain how formal institutions, historical legacies, and local contextual factors shape SME operations in different environments. By presenting qualitative evidence from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the study provides a deeper understanding of the structural and contextual factors influencing SMEs in post-Soviet economies. The obtained conclusions expand the scientific understanding of entrepreneurship in countries with a transition economy and can be used in the development of a state policy to support SMEs, taking into account regional specifics, real operational needs of business and the peculiarities of the institutional environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малое и среднее предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>институциональная теория</kwd><kwd>контекстуальная зависимость</kwd><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd><kwd>Казахстан</kwd><kwd>Узбекистан</kwd><kwd>операционные барьеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small and medium-sized enterprises</kwd><kwd>institutional theory</kwd><kwd>contextual dependence</kwd><kwd>Central Asia</kwd><kwd>Kazakhstan</kwd><kwd>Uzbekistan</kwd><kwd>operational barriers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taiwo J.N., Ayodeji A.M., Yusuf B.A. Impact of small and medium enterprises on economic growth and development. 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