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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.26.v81.i2.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2858</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДАГОГИКА И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МНОГОВЫХОДНОЙ ГРАДИЕНТНЫЙ БУСТИНГ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ КОМПОНЕНТОВ TPACK НА ОСНОВЕ ТРАССИРОВКИ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ НА УРОВНЕ КОНТЕЙНЕРА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MULTI-OUTPUT GRADIENT BOOSTING FOR TPACK COMPONENT ESTIMATION FROM CONTAINER-LEVEL PROGRAMMING TRACES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0404-4299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуйсенова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duisenova</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дуйсенова Гаухар Асылхановна - докторант, </p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Duisenova Gaukhar - doctoral student,</p><p>Astana, 010008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gauhar.duisen9@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-3526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шындалиев</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shyndaliyev</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шындалиев Нуржан Тажибаевич - кандидат педагогических наук, ассоциированный профессор,</p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shyndaliyev Nurzhan - candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor,</p><p>Astana, 010008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nurzhan-11@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-1158</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадиев</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadiev</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадиев Рустам Нарзикулович - PhD, профессор,</p><p>г. Ханчжоу</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shadiev Rustam - professor, PhD, </p><p>Hangzhou, 310058</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rustamsh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н. Гумилева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чжэцзянский университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Zhejiang University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>81</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дуйсенова Г.А., Шындалиев Н.Т., Шадиев Р.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дуйсенова Г.А., Шындалиев Н.Т., Шадиев Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Duisenova G., Shyndaliyev N., Shadiev R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2858">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2858</self-uri><abstract><p>Оценка одновременного развития компетенций в программировании и педагогических знаний предметной области у будущих учителей информатики представляет собой нерешенную проблему оценки. Инструменты, основанные на опросах, отражают убеждения и самооценки, а не фактическое поведение, а стандартные конвейеры анализа программирования ориентированы на оценку одного навыка, не моделируя измерение педагогических знаний, которое отличает кандидатов в учителя от обычных студентов, изучающих информатику. В данной статье представлена многовыходная архитектура градиентного бустинга, которая оценивает все четыре уровня освоения компонентов TPACK: технологические знания, педагогические знания, знания предметной области и педагогические знания предметной области, на основе поведенческих трасс, собранных на уровне среды выполнения контейнеров во время лабораторных занятий по программированию. Шестикатегориальная таксономия признаков выводится из потоков событий демона Docker, журналов компиляции на уровне приложений, последовательностей нажатий клавиш, снимков системы контроля версий, взаимодействий при запросе помощи и тонко настроенного классификатора педагогического отражения DistilBERT. Эксперименты на синтетическом эталонном наборе данных, включающем 850 аннотированных сессий, позволяют оценить восемь конфигураций модели в сравнении с четырьмя базовыми моделями, включая стандартную байесовскую трассировку знаний и градиентный бустинг с одним выходом. Предложенная архитектура достигает макроусредненного значения F1, равного 0,791, по всем четырем компонентам TPACK, превосходя самый сильный базовый показатель с одним выходом на 6,8 процентных пункта и снижая среднюю абсолютную ошибку при оценке непрерывного уровня знаний на 18,3% по сравнению с BKT. Результаты анализа подтверждают, что педагогические характеристики отражения вносят вклад в 9,2 пункта F1 в прогнозирование PCK, при этом для TK и CK прирост был незначительным, что подтверждает компонентно-специфическую структуру таксономии трассировки. Анализ важности признаков показывает, что размещение пауз между клавишами и шаблоны перехода ошибок компиляции являются наиболее информативными сигналами для оценки CK, в то время как лексические характеристики PCK доминируют в прогнозировании педагогических компонентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assessing the simultaneous development of programming competence and pedagogical content knowledge in preservice informatics teachers is an open measurement problem. Survey-based instruments capture beliefs rather than behavior, and standard programming analytics pipelines track a single skill objective without modeling the pedagogical knowledge dimension that differentiates teacher candidates from ordinary computing students. This paper presents a multi-output gradient boosting architecture that estimates all four TPACK component mastery levels Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge- from behavioral traces collected at the container runtime level during programming laboratory sessions. A six-category feature taxonomy is derived from Docker daemon event streams, application-layer compilation logs, keystroke sequences, version control snapshots, help-seeking interactions, and a fine-tuned DistilBERT pedagogical reflection classifier. Experiments on a synthetic benchmark of 850 annotated sessions evaluate eight model configurations against four baselines, including standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and single-output gradient boosting. The proposed architecture reaches a macroaveraged F1 of 0.791 across all four TPACK components, exceeding the strongest single-output baseline by 6.8 percentage points and reducing mean absolute error on continuous mastery estimates by 18.3% relative to BKT. Ablation results confirm that the pedagogical reflection features contribute 9.2 points of F1 to PCK prediction specifically, with negligible benefit to TK and CK, validating the trace taxonomy's component-specific design. Feature importance analysis reveals that inter-key pause placement and compilation error transition patterns are the most informative signals for CK assessment, while lexical PCK features dominate pedagogical component prediction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трассировка знаний</kwd><kwd>градиентный бустинг</kwd><kwd>контейнерная телеметрия</kwd><kwd>TPACK</kwd><kwd>анализ поведенческих трасс</kwd><kwd>обучение программированию</kwd><kwd>многовыходная классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knowledge tracing</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd><kwd>container telemetry</kwd><kwd>TPACK</kwd><kwd>behavioral trace analysis</kwd><kwd>programming education</kwd><kwd>multi-output classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeli M., Perrenet J., Jochems W.M.G., Zwaneveld B. 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