asuВестник Атырауского университета имени Халела ДосмухамедоваBulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University2077-01972790-332XАтырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова10.47649/vau.26.v80.i1.30asu-2735Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКАECONOMICSОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ, ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ЭФФЕКТОВ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ IOT В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКУЮ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРУ SMART GRIDASSESSING THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF IoT IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SMART GRID ENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-9282ДомалатовЕ.DomalatovYe.

Ержан Домалатов - магистр экономических наук, PhD-кандидат, сеньор-лектор кафедрыэкономики, менеджмента и финансов,

070000, г.Усть-Каменогорск

Yerzhan Domalatov - Master of Economics Sciences, PhD Candidate, Senior Lecturer ofthe Department of Economics, Management and Finance, 

070000, UstKamenogorsk

domalatovkz@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-2226ЧежимбаеваК.ChezhimbayevaK.

Катипа Чежимбаева - кандидат технических наук, профессор кафедры телекоммуникационной инженерии,

050000, г.Алматы

Katipa Chezhimbayeva - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Telecommunication Engineering, 

050000, Almaty

k.chezhimbayeva@aues.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-8716ЖаркымбековаМ.ZharkymbekovaM.

Макпал Жаркымбекова - магистр физики, докторант PhD кафедры энергообеспечения, электропривода и электротехники,

050000, г.Алматы

Makpal Zharkymbekova - Master of Physics, PhD student of the Department of Electric Power Engineering, 

050000, Almaty

makpal.87_87@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0955-8938СакитжановМ.SakitzhanovM.

Мархабат Сакитжанов - магистр технических наук, докторант PhD кафедры электроэнергетики,

050000, г.Алматы,

Markhabat Sakitzhanov - Master of Technical Sciences, PhD student of the Department of Electric Power Engineering, 

050000, Almaty

НАО «Восточно-Казахстанский университет имени Сарсена Аманжолова»КазахстанSarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan UniversityKazakhstanНАО «Алматинский университет энергетики и связи имени Гумарбека Даукеева»КазахстанNon-profit Joint Stock Company "Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev"Kazakhstan202623052026801348360Copyright © Домалатов Е., Чежимбаева К., Жаркымбекова М., Сакитжанов М., 20262026Домалатов Е., Чежимбаева К., Жаркымбекова М., Сакитжанов М.Domalatov Y., Chezhimbayeva K., Zharkymbekova M., Sakitzhanov M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2735

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения технологий Интернета вещей (IoT) в электроэнергетике при формировании формирования интеллектуальных сетей Smart Grid. Цель исследования заключается в количественной оценке экономической и экологической эффективности внедрения IoT-решений, а также в анализе их социального эффекта для повышения надёжности электроснабжения, снижения операционных затрат и интеграции возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ). Объектом исследования выступают распределительные сети среднего и низкого напряжения, включающие интеллектуальные счётчики (AMI), датчики на фидерах, системы автоматического восстановления после аварий (FLISR) и сервисы управления спросом (DR). Методология исследования основана на применении моделей оценки эффективности (NPV, IRR, TCO, срок окупаемости), Difference-in-Differences и стандарта IPMVP Option C для верификации измерений. Для оценки экологического эффекта использовались расчёты выбросов по ISO 14064-1 и GHG Protocol. Проведён числовой пример для распределительной компании среднего масштаба, включающей 50 000 интеллектуальных счётчиков. Результаты исследования показывают, что внедрение IoT позволяет достичь совокупного экономического эффекта более 600 млн KZT в год при масштабе 300 тыс. потребителей, повысить надёжность электроснабжения и улучшить качество обслуживания потребителей. Экологический эффект выражается в существенном сокращении выбросов CO₂, а социальный – в снижении длительности отключений, повышении прозрачности учёта и повышении доверия со стороны конечных пользователей. Практическая значимость работы заключается в разработке воспроизводимой модели оценки, применимой для планирования инвестиций, тарифного регулирования и ESG-отчётности. Таким образом, цифровизация сетей на базе IoT подтверждает свою экономическую и экологическую целесообразность и должна рассматриваться как стратегическое направление долгосрочной модернизации электроэнергетического сектора.

This article examines the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the electric power industry in the context of Smart Grid development. The study aims to quantify the economic and environmental effectiveness of implementing IoT solutions, as well as to analyze their social impact on improving electricity supply reliability, reducing operating costs, and integrating renewable energy sources (RES). The study focuses on medium- and low-voltage distribution networks, including smart meters (AMI), feeder sensors, fault-level information recovery (FLISR) systems, and demand response (DR) services. The study methodology is based on performance assessment models (NPV, IRR, TCO, payback period), difference-in-differences, and the IPMVP Option C standard for measurement verification. ISO 14064-1 and GHG Protocol emissions calculations were used to assess the environmental impact. A numerical example is provided for a medium-sized distribution company with 50,000 smart meters. The study's results demonstrate that IoT implementation can achieve a cumulative economic benefit of over 600 million tenge per year for a base of 300,000 consumers, improve electricity supply reliability, and enhance customer service. The environmental impact is reflected in a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, while the social impact includes shorter outage durations, increased metering transparency, and increased end-user trust. The practical significance of this study lies in developing a reproducible assessment model applicable to investment planning, tariff regulation, and ESG reporting. Thus, IoT-based network digitalization confirms its economic and environmental feasibility and should be considered a strategic direction for the long-term modernization of the electric power sector.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.