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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.26.v80.i1.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2724</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДАГОГИКА И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И ПСИХОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ВАЛИДАЦИЯ ТЕСТА ЕНТ ПО БИОЛОГИИ: НА ПУТИ К МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ СТАНДАРТАМ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ AQA, A-LEVEL)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDATION OF THE UNT BIOLOGY TEST: TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS (THE CASE OF AQA A-LEVEL)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3780-6866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Қуанышбекова</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuanyshbekova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арайлым Қуанышбекова – ведущий эксперт,</p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arailym Kuanyshbekova – Lead Expert,</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">quanyshbekova98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2637-6168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Қожабаев</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhabayev</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алмат Қожабаев - главный эксперт,</p><p>г. Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almat Kozhabayev - Chief Expert,</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">almat-kozhabaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9392-8363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зияханова</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziahanova</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раушан Зияханова - главный эксперт,</p><p>г.Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raushan Ziahanova - Chief Expert,</p><p>Astana</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ziahanova.raushan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2415-1754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турганбекова</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turganbekova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айгул Турганбекова - учитель биологии,</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aigul Turganbekova - Biology Teacher,</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aigul_turganbekova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">МНВО РК «Национальный центр тестирования» РГКП на ПХВ<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Testing Center<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">КГУ «Специализированный лицей № 82 «Дарын» акимата города Астаны<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">"Specialized Lyceum No. 82 'Daryn'" of the Akimat of Astana<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>241</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Қуанышбекова А., Қожабаев А., Зияханова Р., Турганбекова А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Қуанышбекова А., Қожабаев А., Зияханова Р., Турганбекова А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuanyshbekova A., Kozhabayev A., Ziahanova R., Turganbekova A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2724">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2724</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования качества Единого национального тестирования (ЕНТ) по биологии в Казахстане. Целью исследования является оценить психометрические качества и содержательную валидность теста ЕНТ по биологии на основе эмпирических данных 2025 года, используя комплексный подход, который включает психометрический анализ по модели Раша и внешний содержательный бенчмаркинг с признанным международным эталоном (AQA A-Level Biology). На основе данных 2025 года проведен психометрический анализ с использованием модели Раша, а также содержательный бенчмаркинг с британской программой AQA A-Level Biology. Сравнение проводилось по распределению когнитивных уровней таксономии Блума, целям оценки (Assessment Objectives) и степени интеграции математических навыков. Результаты подтвердили удовлетворительные психометрические характеристики большинства заданий ЕНТ. Однако выявлен структурный дисбаланс: 59,1% теста составляют задания репродуктивного уровня (AO1), тогда как навыки применения знаний и анализа (AO2/AO3) представлены недостаточно. Также отмечено фрагментарное освещение современных направлений, включая генетические технологии. На основе детального анализа полученных данных были сформулированы важные практические рекомендации по комплексной модернизации текущего формата ЕНТ. Авторы предлагают увеличить общую долю тестовых заданий высокого когнитивного уровня, внедрить обязательный базовый математический компонент и значительно усилить механизмы экспертно-академической валидации. Предложенные меры направлены на существенное повышение диагностической ценности государственного экзамена и его полное соответствие современным международным образовательным стандартам, что критически важно для качественного отбора абитуриентов в вузы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a comprehensive study evaluating the quality of the Unified National Testing (UNT) in Biology in Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to evaluate the psychometric qualities and substantive validity of the UNT biology test based on empirical data from 2025, using an integrated approach that includes psychometric analysis based on the Rasch model and external meaningful benchmarking with an internationally recognized standard (AQA A-Level Biology). Based on 2025 data, a psychometric analysis was conducted using the Rasch model, alongside a content benchmarking against the British AQA A-Level Biology curriculum. The comparison focused on the distribution of cognitive levels (Bloom's Taxonomy), Assessment Objectives (AOs), and the degree of integration of mathematical skills. The results confirmed satisfactory psychometric characteristics for most UNT items. However, a structural imbalance was identified: 59,1% of the test consists of lower-order thinking skills (AO1 – recall), while application and analysis skills (AO2/AO3) are underrepresented. Furthermore, the study noted fragmented coverage of contemporary topics, such as genetic technologies. Based on the findings, practical recommendations for modernizing the UNT format are formulated. The authors propose increasing the proportion of higher-order thinking tasks, implementing a mandatory mathematical component, and strengthening mechanisms for expert-academic validation. These measures aim to enhance the exam's diagnostic value and ensure its alignment with international educational standards, which is critical for the qualitative selection of university applicants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ЕНТ</kwd><kwd>биология</kwd><kwd>психометрическая валидация</kwd><kwd>модель Раша</kwd><kwd>таксономия Блума</kwd><kwd>AQA</kwd><kwd>A-Level</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>UNT</kwd><kwd>Biology</kwd><kwd>psychometric validation</kwd><kwd>Rasch model</kwd><kwd>Bloom's Taxonomy</kwd><kwd>AQA</kwd><kwd>A-Level</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdrasilov B., Niyazov T., Baizhaov N., Altybaeva Sh., Iskakova A., &amp; Umerbaeva G. Unified National Testing: History, Experience, Perspective. 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