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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.25.v79.i4.48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСНОВЫ РАЗВЕДКИ И СЛЕЖКИ: ТЕОРИЯ КАТЕГОРИЗАЦИИ ПЕРИМЕТРА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEILLANCE AND INTELLIGENCE: THE THEORY OF PERIMETER CATEGORIZATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-7657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалхаров</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalkharov</surname><given-names>Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ернар Шалхаров - заведующий кафедрой уголовно-правовых дисциплин,</p><p>г.Туркестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yernar Shalkharov - Chief executive of criminal law disciplines branch, </p><p>Turkistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yernar_shalkharov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-3651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нартай</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nartai</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ажар Нартай - старший преподаватель кафедры уголовно-правовых дисциплин,</p><p>г.Туркестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azhar Nartai - Senior Lecturer at the Department of Criminal Law Disciplines,</p><p>urkistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sarapshy.tk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3696-3329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мансуров</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mansurov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ардак Мансуров - докторант PhD, кафедра уголовно-правовых дисциплин,</p><p>г.Туркестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ardaq Mansurov - PhD student, Department of Criminal Law Disciplines, </p><p>Turkistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mansa_911@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6222-5194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Досекеев</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dosekeev</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олжас Досекеев - старший преподаватель, кафедра уголовно-правовых дисциплин,</p><p>г. Туркестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olzhas Dosekeev - Senior lecturer, Department of Criminal Law Disciplines, </p><p>Turkistan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olzhas.dossekeyev@ayu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Международный казахско-турецкий университет имени Ходжи Ахмеда Ясави<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>542</fpage><lpage>559</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шалхаров Е., Нартай А., Мансуров А., Досекеев О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шалхаров Е., Нартай А., Мансуров А., Досекеев О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalkharov Y., Nartai A., Mansurov A., Dosekeev O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2561">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2561</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные трансформации в сфере глобальной и национальной безопасности обуславливают необходимость переосмысления правовых механизмов обеспечения периметрической безопасности. Несмотря на внедрение интеллектуальных технологий наблюдения в Республике Казахстан, в данной области отсутствует единая нормативно-правовая система, что проявляется в терминологической неопределенности, фрагментарности правового регулирования, дублировании полномочий и слабости процессуальных механизмов доказывания. Целью исследования является комплексный правовой анализ действующего законодательства Казахстана в области периметрической безопасности, а также разработка правовой модели, основанной на категоризации объектов по уровням риска, с опорой на международный опыт. Методологическая основа исследования включает формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой, статистический методы и контент-анализ. Эмпирическую базу составили официальные статистические данные правоохранительных органов, судебная практика, ведомственные нормативные акты и результаты пилотных проектов. Результаты исследования указывают на отсутствие периметрической безопасности как самостоятельного правового института, неопределенность правового статуса технических средств наблюдения как доказательств, а также на необходимость правового разграничения по уровням угроз. В этой связи обоснована потребность в формировании многоуровневой правовой модели, легализации технологических доказательств и четком распределении компетенций между субъектами. Полученные выводы и рекомендации обладают высокой теоретической и практической значимостью, направлены на совершенствование нормативно-правовой базы, усиление доказательной базы в правоохранительной практике и интеграцию современных технологий в юридическое пространство.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Contemporary shifts in global and national security frameworks underscore the pressing need to reevaluate legal mechanisms governing perimeter security. Despite the integration of intelligent surveillance technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan, a unified and systematic legal framework remains absent. This gap manifests in terminological ambiguity, regulatory fragmentation, overlapping institutional responsibilities, and underdeveloped evidentiary mechanisms. The objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive legal assessment of Kazakhstan's perimeter security legislation and to propose a reform-oriented legal model grounded in risk-based categorization, drawing on international best practices. The study employs a multidisciplinary methodology that includes formal legal analysis, comparative legal research, statistical evaluation, and content analysis. The empirical base consists of official law enforcement statistics, judicial rulings, regulatory acts, and data from pilot security projects. The findings reveal that perimeter security has not yet been conceptualized as an independent legal institution within the national framework. Technical surveillance tools lack recognized evidentiary status, and there is no structured legal stratification based on threat levels. The study thus advocates for the development of a multi-tiered legal model, the formal recognition of technological evidence, and the delineation of institutional competences. These conclusions offer theoretically grounded, practically relevant recommendations to modernize national legislation, enhance law enforcement institutions' procedural capacity, and foster the integration of advanced security technologies into the legal domain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивый туризм</kwd><kwd>региональное развитие</kwd><kwd>диверсификация экономики</kwd><kwd>природное наследие</kwd><kwd>охрана окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическая стабильность</kwd><kwd>политика развития туризма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perimeter security</kwd><kwd>legal framework</kwd><kwd>surveillance</kwd><kwd>evidence</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>law enforcement</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lohani S. K., Zhang W., Lohani B., He D. 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