<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Атырауского университета имени Халела Досмухамедова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Khalel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-0197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2790-332X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Атырауский университет имени Халела Досмухамедова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47649/vau.25.v79.i4.09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asu-2444</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ И АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND ARCHEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ИСЛАМА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ КОНТАКТОВ КАРАХАНИДОВ С СОСЕДНИМИ ГОСУДАРСТВАМИ (X-XII ВВ.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL CONTACTS OF THE QARAKHANIDS WITH NEIGHBORING STATES (10TH-12TH CENTURIES)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-6610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алмагамбетова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Almagambetova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алмагамбетова Алия Махашбаевна – докторант кафедры истории Казахстана, исторический факультет,</p><p>Алматы</p><p>г. Алматы, 050040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliya Almagambetova - PhD candidate the Department of history of Kazakhstan, thefaculty of history,</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">almagambetova2015@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-5215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабижанова</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabizhanova</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хабижанова Гульнара Болатовна – профессор, д.и.н., преподаватель кафедры истории Казахстана, исторический факультет, </p><p>г. Алматы, 050040</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khabizhanova Gulnara Bolatovna – professor, doctor of historical sciences, lecturer of the Department of history of Kazakhstan, the faculty of history,</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnara02011966@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казахский Национальный Университет имени Аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алмагамбетова А.М., Хабижанова Г.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алмагамбетова А.М., Хабижанова Г.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Almagambetova A., Khabizhanova G.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2444">https://asu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2444</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье раскрывается путь исламизации и роль религии, которые были необходимы караханидам для легитимизации власти внутри государства и активизации внешнеполитической деятельности. В этих целях были изучены мотивы, причины и последствия исламизации, а также установлена связь исламизации с традициями ведения внешних отношений. Автор, опираясь на сведения арабских и персидских источников, утверждает, что религиозная авторитетность и правоверность тоже играли большую роль в отношениях между мусульманскими государствами.</p><p>Цель исследования является изучение влияния исламизации на внешнеполитическую деятельность Караханидов и в какой форме она использовалась. Внимание уделено также отношениям Караханидов с немусульманскими странами, с которыми в основном были установлены торгово-экономические отношения, хотя в начале они не были мирными и нередко выливались в вооруженные конфликты. Влияние и место религии во внешней политике Караханидов ярко продемонстрировано в отношениях с Газневидами, Сельджуками и сунским Китаем, которые приведены автором из источников на арабском и персидском языках и зарубежных исследований. Работы Ибн ал-Асира, Ибн Тагриберди, Байхаки, аль-Карши, Низами Арузи, ар-Равенди стали основными источниками в данном исследовании. Данная работа показывает, что роль религии намного шире и более фундаментальна в истории средневековых государств и исламизация являлась платформой для диалога.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reveals the path of Islamization and the role of religion, which were necessary for the Qarakhanids to legitimize power within the state and activate foreign policy activities. For these purposes, the motives, causes and consequences of Islamization were studied, and the connection of Islamization with the traditions of foreign relations was established.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to study the influence of Islamization on the foreign policy activities of the Karakhanids and in what form it was used. The author argues that religious authority and orthodoxy also played a major role in relations between Muslim states, relying on information from Arabic and Persian sources. Attention is also paid to the relations of the Qarakhanids with non-Muslim countries, with which, mainly, trade and economic relations were established, although at first they were not peaceful and often resulted in armed conflicts. The influence and place of religion in the foreign policy of the Qarakhanids is clearly demonstrated in relations with the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Song China, which the author cites from sources in Arabic, Persian and foreign studies. The works of Ibn al-Athir, Ibn Taghriberdi, Bayhaqi, al-Karshi, Nizami Aruzi, ar-Ravendi became the main sources in this study. This work shows that the role of religion is much broader and fundamental in the history of medieval states and Islamization was a platform for dialogue.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>караханиды</kwd><kwd>исламизация</kwd><kwd>внешние связи</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Qarakhanids</kwd><kwd>Islamization</kwd><kwd>external relations</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>Central Asia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasary I. Two Patterns of Acculturation to Islam: The Qarakhanids versus the Ghaznavids and Seljuqs. The Age of the Seljuqs. The Idea of Iran. Edited by E. Herzig and S. Stewart. Volume VI. London: I.B. Tauris. - 2015. – P.11-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasary I. Two Patterns of Acculturation to Islam: The Qarakhanids versus the Ghaznavids and Seljuqs. The Age of the Seljuqs. The Idea of Iran. Edited by E. Herzig and S. Stewart. Volume VI. London: I.B. Tauris. - 2015. – P.11-28. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplony A. The conversion of the Turks of Central Asia to Islam as seen by arabic and persian geography: a comparative perspective. La Vaissière, Etienne (Hg.), Islamisation de l’Asie centrale. Processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle, Paris (Cahiers de studia Iranica 39) - 2008. – C. 204-224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplony A. The conversion of the Turks of Central Asia to Islam as seen by arabic and persian geography: a comparative perspective. La Vaissière, Etienne (Hg.), Islamisation de l’Asie centrale. Processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle, Paris (Cahiers de studia Iranica 39) - 2008. – C. 204-224. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biran M. Islamic Expansion into Central Asia and Muslim-Buddhist Encounters. Buddhism in Central Asia III Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines. Edited by Lewis Doney Carmen Meinert Henrik H. Sørensen Yukiyo Kasai. Leiden | Boston: Brill. – 2024. – P.13-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biran M. Islamic Expansion into Central Asia and Muslim-Buddhist Encounters. Buddhism in Central Asia III Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines. Edited by Lewis Doney Carmen Meinert Henrik H. Sørensen Yukiyo Kasai. Leiden | Boston: Brill. – 2024. – P.13-65. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tor D. G. The Islamization of Central Asia in the Sāmānid Era and the Reshaping of the Muslim World. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. London: University of London Vol. 72, No. 2. - 2009. - P. 279- 299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tor D. G. The Islamization of Central Asia in the Sāmānid Era and the Reshaping of the Muslim World. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. London: University of London Vol. 72, No. 2. - 2009. - P. 279- 299. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Muheymid A. Karahanlilar ve İslam’in yayilmasindaki̇ katkilari. Çeviren A. Aksu. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1. – 2001. - s. 281-310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Muheymid A. Karahanlilar ve İslam’in yayilmasindaki̇ katkilari. Çeviren A. Aksu. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1. – 2001. - s. 281-310. [in Turkish].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аль-Карши Дж. Мулхакат бис-сурах [Прибавления к ас-Сурах]. Алматы: Дайк-Пресс. - 2005. - 414 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al'-Karshi Dzh. Mulhakat bis-surah [Additions to as-Surah]. Almaty: Dajk-Press. - 2005. - 414 s. [in Arabic].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ибн аль-Асир А. Аль-Камиль фи т-тарих [Полный свод всеобщей истории]. 7, 8 т. Бейрут: Дар алькитаб илмийа. - 1987. – 520 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibn al'-Athir A. Al'-Kamil' fi t-tarih [The complete collection of general history]. 7, 8 t. Bejrut: Dar al'-kitab ilmija. - 1987. – 520 s. [in Arabic].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duturaeva D. Qarakhanid Roads to China. Leiden/Boston: Brill. – 2022. [Электронный ресурс] - URL: https://brill.com/view/title/61452. (дата обращения: 07.04.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duturaeva D. Qarakhanid Roads to China. Leiden/Boston: Brill. – 2022. - URL: https://brill.com/view/title/61452. (accessed: 07.04.2022). [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biran M. Unearthing the Liao Dynasty’s Relations with the Muslim World: Migrations, Diplomacy, Commerce, and Mutual Perceptions. Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. Vol. 43. – 2013. – P. 221-251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biran M. Unearthing the Liao Dynasty’s Relations with the Muslim World: Migrations, Diplomacy, Commerce, and Mutual Perceptions. Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. Vol. 43. – 2013. – P. 221-251. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Er-Ravendi M. Rahat-üs sudur ve ayet-üs sürur. I, II c. Türkçeye çeviren A. Ateş. Türk tarih kurumu. – 1999. – S. 273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Er-Ravendi M. Rahat-üs sudur ve ayet-üs sürur. I, II c. Türkçeye çeviren A. Ateş. Türk tarih kurumu. – 1999. – S. 273. [in Turkish].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Utbi. Kitab-i Yamini. Translated by J. Reynolds. London: Harrison and sons. – 1866. - P. 555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Utbi. Kitab-i Yamini. Translated by J. Reynolds. London: Harrison and sons. – 1866. - P. 555. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ибн аль-Асир A. Аль-Камиль фи т-тарих [Полный свод всеобщей истории]. Перевод П.Г. Булгаков. Цюрих: Orientalisches Seminar der Universität Zürich. – 2005. – C. 604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibn al'-Athir A. Al'-Kamil' fi t-tarih [The complete collection of general history]. Perevod P.G. Bulgakov. Cjurih: Orientalisches Seminar der Universität Zürich. – 2005. – C. 604. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizami - i - Arudi. Chahar Maqala. Translated by Edward G. Browne. London: The Cambridge University Press. – 1921. - P. 210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizami - i - Arudi. Chahar Maqala. Translated by Edward G. Browne. London: The Cambridge University Press. – 1921. - P. 210. [in English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуржанов А. Мусульманское денежное отношение Средней Азии и Казахстана в эпоху средневековья (VII-XVIII вв.). Народы и религии Евразии, 6(6). – 2013. - 50-62 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurzhanov A. Musul'manskoe denezhnoe otnoshenie Srednej Azii i Kazahstana v jepohu srednevekov'ja (VII-XVIII vv.) [Muslim monetary relations in Central Asia and Kazakhstan in the Middle Ages (VII-XVIII centuries)]. Narody i religii Evrazii, 6(6). – 2013. - 50-62 c. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочнев Б.Д. Нумизматическая история Караханидского каганата (991 – 1209 гг.) М.: София. – 2006. – C. 213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochnev B.D. Numizmaticheskaja istorija Karahanidskogo kaganata (991 – 1209 gg.). [The numismatic history of Qarakhanid khaganate (991-1209)]. M.: Sofija. – 2006. – C. 213. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ибн Тагриберди Дж. Нуджум аз-Захира фи мулук аль-мисра уа аль-кахира [Блестящие звезды о царях Мысра и Каира]. 5 том. Каир: Дар аль-Кутуб аль-Мысрийя. – 1935. – C. 482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibn Tagriberdi Dzh. Nudzhum az-Zahira fi muluk al'-misra ua al'-kahira [The Shining Stars of the Kings of Misra and Cairo]. 5 t. Kair: Dar al'-Kutub al'-Mysrijja. – 1935. – C. 482. [in Arabic].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunkan Ö. S. Türk Hakanliği (Karahanlilar). İstanbul: İQ Kültür sanat yayincilik. – 2011. – S. 504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunkan Ö. S. Türk Hakanliği (Karahanlilar). İstanbul: İQ Kültür sanat yayincilik. – 2011. – S. 504. [in Turkish].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байхаки A. История Масуда. Перевод А.К. Арендс. Москва: Наука. – 1969. – C. 1009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajhaki A. Istorija Masuda [The history of Masood]. Perevod A.K. Arends. Moskva: Nauka. – 1969. – C. 1009. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunkan Ö. S. Yûsuf Hâs Hâcib ve Qutadgu Bilig’de Elçilik Mansibi [Yussuf Has Hajeeb and the post of ambassador in Qutadgu Bilig]. Modern Türklük Araştirmalari Dergisi, C.13. s. 4. – 2016. - 102-122 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunkan Ö. S. Yûsuf Hâs Hâcib ve Qutadgu Bilig’de Elçilik Mansibi [Yussuf Has Hajeeb and the post of ambassador in Qutadgu Bilig]. Modern Türklük Araştirmalari Dergisi, C.13. s. 4. – 2016. - 102-122 s. [in Turkish].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
